Rationale
Red rock hares are widespread but patchily distributed within the assessment region due to their restriction to areas of rocky habitat. While no estimates of population size or trend are available for any species, we infer large populations for each, given their extents of occurrence, and retain the Least Concern status for all species. However, while their rocky habitats are largely inaccessible and unlikely to be transformed, increasing hunting pressure (inferred from expanding human settlements and anecdotal reports of decline), loss of foraging areas from agricultural expansion, and habitat degradation from overgrazing may be causing local declines and possibe extinctions. These species are easily hunted and are thought to be substantially utilised for subsistence or sport hunting. For example, anecdotal reports from the Northern Cape suggest Smithâs Red Rock Hare has declined over the past 30 years. Similarly, the Natal Red Rock Hare occurs in areas of high human population density and may be increasingly locally threatened by hunting. Emerging threats to Smithâs Red Rock Hare may be increased competition with Rock Hyraxes (Procavia capensis) following the decline of raptors in the region, grazing pressure from goats and sheep, and increased predation from mesocarnivores due to lack of holistic management.Concerted research into population size, densities and trends, as well as quantifying the identified threats, should be conducted before specific interventions are implemented if needed. Specifically, the area of occupancy and population trends of Smithâs and Natal Red Rock Hares should be determined and both species reassessed once such data are available. Long-term monitoring sites should be established to detect subpopulation trends in different regions.
Regional population effects: For Natal Red Rock Hare, the majority of the population occurs within the assessment region so no rescue effects are possible. Jamesonâs Red Rock Hare has a disjunct distribution between the Namibian population and the rest of its range and it is unlikely that there is any gene flow between the two. However, dispersal between South Africa, Botswana and Zimbabwe is suspected to occur. Thus, rescue effects are possible. For Smithâs Red Rock Hare, given the approximately 1,750 km separation between the East African and South Africa populations, it is possible that these are two different species and no rescue effect can occur. If this is the case, then the South African population would be near endemic.