Red List of South African Species

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Least Concern (LC)

Rationale (Changed due to Other)

Within the assessment region, the species is recorded from fewer than five subpopulations with an estimated extent of occurrence of 2,570 km². Although it could qualify for Vulnerable D2 based on limited localities, it occurs within the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park and thus there are no plausible threats that could cause significant decline. As such, the localities do not qualify as locations. Additionally, it is able to survive in modified habitats and man-made structures and no decline has been observed. As habitats are connected across regions, and thus rescue effects are presumed to be possible, and the species is widespread and locally common outside of the assessment region, it qualifies as Least Concern.

Regional population effects: Although it has low wing loading (Norberg & Rayner 1987), its habitat is continuous into Mozambique and Zimbabwe through the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park. Thus, we assume dispersal capacity is adequate for rescue effects.

Distribution

Although its range extends only marginally into the assessment region, it occurs widely over much of sub-Saharan Africa. Its range extends from Senegal and The Gambia through much of West and Central Africa to Ethiopia and Sudan in the east, continuing southwards to northeastern South Africa. This species has been recorded at altitudes of 900 m asl on Bintamane Mountain in Sierra Leone, 1,200 m asl on Cameroon Mountain (Rosevear 1965), and as high as 2,000 m asl on Mount Elgon in Kenya (Aggundey & Schlitter 1984). Within the assessment region, this species is found in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park in the northeastern region of Limpopo Province (Monadjem et al. 2010). From here, its range is continuous north through Zimbabwe, southeastern Zambia, southern Malawi, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Mozambique. Habitat models predict that it occurs extensively in southern Mozambique too (Monadjem et al. 2010). Based on known colonies, extent of occurrence in the assessment region is 2,570 km², and area of occupancy is 1,146 km² (based on occupied grid cells).

Population trend

Trend

In other parts of its range, this species is considered locally common and colonies can comprise of hundreds of individuals (ACR 2015). However, although widespread, it is not common anywhere in southern Africa (Monadjem et al. 2010). Only five subpopulations are currently known from the assessment region, but undiscovered subpopulations are possible. Although this species is gregarious, it only occurs in small numbers in the assessment region, usually only one or two and not more than twelve individuals (Skinner & Chimimba 2005).

Threats

There are no major threats to this species within the assessment region as it occurs predominantly in a protected area and is able to survive within modified habitats.

Uses and trade

There is no evidence to suggest that this species is traded or utilised in any form.

Conservation

No specific conservation interventions are currently necessary. This edge of range species occurs within the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park, and its range is thus continuous with Zimbabwe and Mozambique.

Recommendations for land managers and practitioners:

  • Field surveys to discover new roost sites and confirm occupancy of existing roost sites.

Research priorities:

  • Systematic monitoring to estimate population size and trends.
  • It is likely that this species is under collected, thus continued research into its distribution is necessary.
  • Taxonomic research is necessary to resolve the species complex.

Encouraged citizen actions:

  • Citizens can assist in the conservation of the species by reporting sightings on virtual museum platforms (for example, iSpot and MammalMAP), and therefore contribute to an understanding of the species distribution.

Lead agencies, Partners and Funders

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