Red List of South African Species

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Least Concern (LC)

Rationale

Listed as Least Concern in view of its extremely wide distribution within the assessment region, tolerance of a broad range of habitats, including occurring commensally with human settlements, and because there are no major threats likely to cause population decline. It is the most common species recorded in rocky areas across the assessment area. While the effects of local threats, such as gravel mining, on subpopulation trends should be monitored, no major decline is expected. The Namaqua Rock Mouse likely comprises a species complex and, pending further research, may require reassessment.

Regional population effects: Opportunities for dispersal occur where rocky areas are continuous and are widespread along the border.

Distribution

This species is widely distributed in semi-arid to mesic savannahs of southern Africa, generally south of the Caprivi strip, in a wide variety of habitats that contain rocky outcrops (Monadjem et al. 2015). Its distribution extends marginally into the western parts of Angola and across the Zambezi into central Mozambique and southern Malawi (Monadjem et al. 2015). It has also been recorded in rocky areas at Shangani Ranch, southern Zimbabwe (D. MacFadyen unpubl. data).

Within the assessment region, it is considered common in all provinces within South Africa, and also occurs extensively in Swaziland and Lesotho, avoiding only parts of the coastal areas in Kwa-Zulu Natal and the Eastern Cape provinces, and central and coastal Mozambique (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Although it is often encountered away from rocky habitats (for example, in woodlands and grasslands), even small rocky knolls can offer sufficient habitat for a population to thrive (Power 2014). Similarly, the amount of rubble or size of the rocks (or boulders) does not seem to influence its distribution, as it has been captured on hilly slopes covered in small rocks and stones (for example, the foothills of the Lubombo Mountains) or on small, isolated rocky outcrops (Monadjem 1998). It co-occurs with Elephantulus myurus in many parts of its range in the assessment area (for example, Lancaster & Pillay 2010).

Population trend

Trend

This species is widespread and common, especially common in highveld rocky grasslands (Kesner et al. 2013). In the western Soutpansberg of Limpopo Province it is common at all altitudes at densities of up to 54 individuals / ha (Taylor et al. 2015). Similarly, it was regularly trapped in rocky outcrops in Tussen-die-Riviere Nature Reserve, Free State Province (Watson 2006), and it is common in the Korannaberg Mountain Range between Black Rock and Van Zylsrus in the Northern Cape Province. It was the most abundant species sampled on the Bokkeveld plateau near Nieuwoudtville, Northern Cape Province, comprising 75% of 219 small mammal individuals (O’Farrell et al. 2008), and in Telperion/Ezemvelo Nature Reserve, Gauteng Province, comprising 59% of all samples (Fagir et al. 2014). In Swaziland, it is also closely associated with rocky outcrops where it is often the most common rodent species present (Monadjem 1998).

Russo et al. (2006) reveal at least eight genetically unique subpopulations across the range where physical barriers such as rivers and mountains do not appear to separate the lineages (one exception is a lineage that appears to be restricted to high elevations of the Great Escarpment). Instead, most lineages, or sub-clades within them, show a strong association with different vegetation types of southern Africa, including the Grassland and Savannah biomes; Albany Thicket; Western Fynbos; Bushmanland/Upper Karoo Bioregion (Nama-Karoo/Savanna); Nama-Karoo; Kalahari Duneveld (Nama-Karoo); Sub-Escarpment Grassland Bioregion (Grassland); Eastern Kalahari Bushveld; and Savannah (Russo et al. 2006).

Threats

There are no major threats to this species as it inhabits areas that are not prone to agriculture, livestock production and forestry. However, mining, especially for granite, would probably be the number one cause of local habitat destruction, especially in the northern provinces. Overall, this species is common and not declining.

Uses and trade

Due to their high numbers, they are probably used as bush meat in certain rural areas but this is unlikely to impact the population significantly.

Conservation

This species is considered common in all provinces within South Africa and occurs in numerous protected areas across its range; for example, Telperion Nature Reserve (Mpumalanga), Ezemvelo Nature Reserve and Premier Game Farm (Gauteng), Venetia Limpopo Nature Reserve (Limpopo), Rooipoort Nature Reserve and Tswalu Kalahari Reserve (Northern Cape). No specific interventions are currently necessary. However, legislation regarding the protection of habitat from mining rock (especially granite) and mitigating rock crushing in Limpopo, Mpumalanga and North West provinces, would benefit this species. Similarly, protected area expansion through biodiversity stewardship to connect naturally fragmented rocky habitats would facilitate adaption to climate change.

Recommendations for land managers and practitioners:
This species is abundant and no management recommendations are required.

Research priorities:

  • A study is needed to finalise the recognition of subspecies based on traditional morphology, cranial morphometrics and DNA.
Encouraged citizen actions:
  • Landowners and city planners can conserve natural vegetation around rocky outcrops.
  • Public pressure to enforce legislation to ensure buffer areas are protected when sites are mined.

Lead agencies, Partners and Funders

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