Rationale
(Changed due to Same category and criteria)
Pantala flavescens is an almost worldwide species with flourishing subpopulations on every continent but Antarctica, although rare in Europe. The population is stable and there are no known major widespread threats that would cause this species to qualify for listing in a threatened category. It is assessed as Least Concern.
Distribution
Pantala flavescens is a circumtropical species known from all continents except Antarctica. It is an obligate migrant, its migrations linked to the monsoon front, and has been recorded from all Afrotropical countries, including Madagascar and the nearby islands, apart from Burundi where it probably also occurs. Farther north, small numbers of migrants have been found in all other African countries, except Libya and Western Sahara which is most likely due to inadequate field work. Out of Africa, this species is commonly found in the Arabian Peninsula and all the Middle East and reaches southern Europe occasionally (records from Bulgaria, Montenegro, Rhodes Island, mainland Greece at the Turkish border, and European Turkey, north Caucasus area). In Asia, this species is known to occur north to central Asia, southern Siberia, Kamchatka and Japan, and south to Australia. In the Americas, it is widespread throughout the Neotropics, including the islands of the Caribbean and Galapagos, and throughout the United States and southern Canada. It is rarely recorded in the Pacific Northwest and has not been found in Labrador, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Alaska, or the more northerly Canadian territories. The northernmost records are probably vagrants. It occurs in eight provinces in Canada, 46 states in the United States of America, and 30 states in Mexico. In addition, it has been found on most Pacific islands, including the Hawaiian Islands, and probably breeds, if only as a migrant, in the great majority of localities where it has been recorded. It is the only Odonata species that occurs on the Easter Island.
This species is abundant throughout its tropical range, the widest of any odonate.
Threats
There are no significant threats presently affecting this species. The temporary wetlands where it breeds are susceptible to drought from climate change, but as this species is migratory with great flight powers, individuals will usually be able to disperse far enough to find water.
Uses and trade
This species is not used.
Conservation
No conservation actions are needed for this very widespread and common species.
[@electronic{63356,
address = {www.iucnredlist.org},
author = {IUCN},
title = {The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-3},
year = {2016}
}
,@article{4730,
author = {Samways, M.J.},
journal = {Odonatologica},
pages = {13--62},
title = {Diversity and conservation status of South African dragonflies (Odonata)},
volume = {28},
year = {1999}
}
,@book{4730,
address = {Nylstroom},
author = {Tarboton, W. and Tarboton, M.},
publisher = {Privately published by the authors},
title = {A fieldguide to the damselflies of South Africa},
year = {2005}
}
,@article{4730,
author = {Samways, M.J.},
journal = {African Entomology},
pages = {43--52},
title = {A strategy for national red listing invertebrates based on experiences with Odonata in South Africa},
volume = {10},
year = {2002}
}
,@electronic{13257,
address = {http://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/world-odonata-list2/},
author = {Schorr, M. and Paulson, D.},
publisher = {Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound},
title = {World Odonata List},
year = {2014}
}
,@article{42845,
author = {Pinhey, E.},
journal = {Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa},
pages = {1--48},
title = {A survey of the dragonflies (Odonata) of South Africa. Part 2. Anisoptera},
volume = {48},
year = {1985}
}
,@article{59793,
author = {Dijkstra, K.-D.B. and Clausnitzer, V.},
journal = {Studies in Afrotropical Zoology},
pages = {1--264},
title = {The Dragonflies and Damselflies of Eastern Africa: Handbook for all Odonata from Sudan to Zimbabwe.},
volume = {298},
year = {2014}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Pinhey, E.},
journal = {Smithersia},
pages = {1–64},
title = {A check-list of the Odonata of Zimbabwe and Zambia},
volume = {3},
year = {1984}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Kipping, J.},
journal = {Cimbebasia Memoirs},
pages = {In press},
title = {The Odonata of Botswana - an annotated checklist},
volume = {5},
year = {2006}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Longfield, C.},
journal = {Publicações Culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola},
pages = {13–42},
title = {The Odonata of North Angola. Part II},
volume = {45},
year = {1959}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Longfield, C.},
journal = {Arquivos do Museu Bocage, Lisboa},
pages = {1–31},
title = {The Odonata of South Angola},
volume = {16},
year = {1947}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Pinhey, E.},
journal = {Arnoldia},
pages = {1--16},
title = {A collection of Odonata from Angola},
volume = {23},
year = {1975}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Pinhey, E.},
journal = {Arnoldia},
pages = {1--17},
title = {Odonata of Ngamiland},
volume = {15},
year = {1967}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Ris, F.},
journal = {Revue Suisse de Zoologie},
pages = {97--112},
title = {Odonata aus Süd-Angola},
volume = {38},
year = {1931}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Pinhey, E.},
journal = {Revista de Biologia, Lisboa},
pages = {159--164},
title = {Odonata from Luanda and the Lucala River, Angola},
volume = {5},
year = {1965}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Pinhey, E.},
journal = {Occasional papers of the national Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia, Series B},
pages = {524--601},
title = {Dragonflies (Odonata) of Botswana, with ecological notes},
volume = {5},
year = {1976}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Martens, A., Jödicke, R. and Suhling, F.},
journal = {Cimbebasia},
pages = {139–160},
title = {Annotated checklist of the Odonata of Namibia},
volume = {18},
year = {2003}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Suhling, F., Sahlén, G., Martens, A., Marais, E. and Schütte, C.},
journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
pages = {311--332},
title = {Dragonfly assemblages in arid tropical environments: a case study from western Namibia},
volume = {15},
year = {2006}
}
,@electronic{59795,
address = {www.iucnredlist.org},
author = {IUCN},
publisher = {IUCN - The World Conservation Union},
title = {2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species},
year = {2006}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Pinhey, E.},
journal = {Occasional papers of the national Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia, Series B},
pages = {557--631},
title = {Checklist of the Odonata of Mozambique},
volume = {6},
year = {1981}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Longfield, C.},
journal = {Publicações culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola},
pages = {11--64},
title = {The Odonata of North Angola. Part I},
volume = {27},
year = {1955}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Pinhey, E.},
journal = {Publiçaciones culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola Lisboa},
pages = {71--76},
title = {A collection of Odonata from Dundo, Angola. With the descriptions of two new species of Gomphids},
volume = {56},
year = {1961}
}
,@article{59795,
author = {Pinhey, E.},
journal = {Publiçaciones culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola Lisboa},
pages = {81--86},
title = {Some dragonflies (Odonata) from Angola; and descriptions of three new species of the family Gomphidae},
volume = {56},
year = {1961}
}
,@article{59811,
author = {Boudot, J.P., Kalkman, V.J., Azpilicueta Amorín, M., Bogdanović, T., Cordero Rivera, A., Degabriele, G., Dommanget, J.L., Ferreira, S., Garrigós, B., Jović, M., Kotarac, M., Lopau, W., Marinov, M., Mihoković, N., Riservato, E., Samraoui, B. and Schneider, W.},
journal = {Libellula Supplement},
pages = {256 pp.},
title = {Atlas of the Odonata of the Mediterranean and North Africa},
volume = {9},
year = {2009}
}
,@book{59812,
address = {Mèze},
author = {Martiré, D.},
publisher = {Biotope (collection Parthenope) and Muséum national d'histoire naturelle},
title = {Les Libellules et Ephémères de La Réunion},
year = {2010}
}
,@book{59812,
address = {Versailles},
author = {Meurgey, F. (coord.)},
publisher = {Société française d'Odonatologie},
title = {Les Odonates des Départements et Collectivités d'outre-mer français},
year = {2006}
}
,@book{59822,
address = {Bois d'Arcy},
author = {Jacquemin, G. and Boudot, J.-P.},
publisher = {Société Francaise d'Odonatologie},
title = {Les Libellules (Odonates) du Maroc},
year = {1999}
}
,@book{59822,
address = {Nylstroom},
author = {Tarboton, W. and Tarboton, M.},
publisher = {Tarboton and Tarboton},
title = {A field guide to the dragonflies of South Africa},
year = {2002}
}
,@article{59822,
author = {Pinhey, E.},
journal = {Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa},
pages = {147--188},
title = {A survey of the dragonflies (Odonata) of South Africa. Part 1},
volume = {47},
year = {1984}
}
,@book{59822,
address = {Gillingham, Dorset, UK},
author = {Dijkstra, K.-D.},
publisher = {British Wildlife Publishing},
title = {Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Britain and Europe},
year = {2006}
}
,@article{59828,
author = {Pinhey, E.},
journal = {Publiçaciones culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola Lisboa},
pages = {97--129},
title = {Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Angola-Congo borders of Rhodesia},
volume = {63},
year = {1964}
}
,@book{59860,
address = {Windhoek},
author = {Suhling, F. and Martens, A.},
publisher = {Gamsberg Macmillan Publishers},
title = {Dragonflies and Damselflies of Namibia},
year = {2007}
}
,@book{59965,
address = {Tananarive},
author = {Fraser, F.C.},
publisher = {Publications de l´Institut de Recherche scientifique Tananarive-Tsimbazaza.},
title = {Faune de Madagascar I. Insectes Odonates Anisoptères.},
year = {1956}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Colchester},
author = {Corbet, P.S.},
publisher = {Harley Book},
title = {Dragonflies: behaviour and ecology of Odonata.},
year = {1999}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {De Marmels, J.},
journal = {Academia de las Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales, Caracas, Venezuela},
pages = {1--78},
title = {Odonata or dragonflies from Cerro de la Neblina},
volume = {25},
year = {1989}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {De Marmels, J.},
journal = {Boletín de Entomología Venezolana},
number = {1},
pages = {37--47},
title = {Odonata del Cerro Guaiquinima (Edo. Bolivar) y zonas aledañas},
volume = {7},
year = {1992}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {Dunkle, S.},
title = {Dragonflies through binoculars},
year = {2000}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {Pinhey, E.},
title = {A descriptive catalogue of the Odonata of the African continent},
year = {1962}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {Silsby, J.},
title = {Dragonflies of the World},
year = {2001}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {de Marmels, J.},
journal = {Revista Científica Unet},
number = {1},
pages = {91--111},
title = {Odonata del Estado Tachira},
volume = {2},
year = {1988}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {Dunkle, S.W.},
title = {Dragonflies of the Florida Peninsula, Bermuda and the Bahamas},
year = {1989}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Collingwood, Australia},
author = {Theischinger, G. and Hawking, J.H.},
publisher = {CSIRO},
title = {The complete field guide to dragonflies of Australia},
year = {2006}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Auckland},
author = {Rowe, R.J.},
publisher = {Auckland University Press},
title = {The Dragonflies of New Zealand},
year = {1987}
}
,@book{59971,
author = {Hämäläinen, M. and Pinratana, A.},
publisher = {Brothers of St. Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok.},
title = {Atlas of the dragonflies of Thailand. Distribution maps by provinces},
year = {1999}
}
,@book{59971,
author = {Wilson, K.D.P.},
publisher = {Cosmos Books Ltd.},
title = {Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Hong Kong.},
year = {2004}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia},
author = {Orr, A.G.},
publisher = {Natural History Publications},
title = {A guide to the Dragonflies of Borneo. Their identification and biology},
year = {2003}
}
,@book{59971,
author = {Wang, L-J.},
publisher = {Jemjem Calendar, Taipei},
title = {Dragonflies of Taiwan},
year = {2000}
}
,@book{59971,
author = {Manolis, T.},
publisher = {University of California Press},
title = {Dragonflies and damselflies of California},
year = {2003}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Princeton},
author = {Paulson, D.},
publisher = {Princeton University Press},
title = {Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West},
year = {2009}
}
,@book{59971,
author = {Beaton, G.},
publisher = {University of Georgia Press},
title = {Dragonflies and damselflies of Georgia and the southeast},
year = {2007}
}
,@book{59971,
author = {Nikula, B., Loose, J.L. and Burne, M.R.},
publisher = {Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife},
title = {A Field Guide to the Dragonflies and Damselflies of Massachusetts},
year = {2003}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Gainesville, Florida},
author = {Needham, J.G., Westfall, M.J., Jr. and May, M.L.},
publisher = {Scientific Publishers},
title = {Dragonflies of North America, Third Edition},
year = {2014}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {Paulson, D.R.},
journal = {Slater Museum of Natural History; Occasional Papers},
pages = {1--139},
title = {Dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) of south Florida},
volume = {57},
year = {1999}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {Dumont, H.J., Haritonov, A.Yu., Kosterin, O.E., Malikova, E.I., and Popova. O. },
journal = {Odonatologica},
pages = {131--153},
title = {A review of the Odonata of Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia},
volume = {34},
year = {2005}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {Schmidt, E.},
journal = {Beiträge zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Südwestdeutschland},
pages = {399--435. Plt XI.},
title = {Ergebnisse der Deutschen Afghanistan-Expedition 1956 der Landessammlung für Naturkunde Karlsruhe sowie der Expedition J. Klapperich, Bonn 1952-53 und Dr. K. Lindberg, Lund (Schweden) 1957-60. Libellen (Odonata)},
volume = {19},
year = {1961}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Toronto},
author = {Walker, E.M. and Corbet , P.S.},
publisher = {University of Toronto Press},
title = {The Odonata of Canada and Alaska. Vol. III: The Anisoptera—Three Families},
year = {1975}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Singapore},
author = {Tang, H.B., Wang, L.K. and Hämäläinen, M.},
publisher = {Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research},
title = {A Photographic Guide to the Dragonflies of Singapore},
year = {2010}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Hanoi},
author = {Do Manh Cuong and Dang Thi Thanh Hoa},
publisher = {Vietnam National University Publisher},
title = {Checklist of dragonfly from Vietnam},
year = {2007}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {Borisov, S.N. and Haritonov, A. Y.},
journal = {Eurasian Entomological Journal},
pages = {97--123},
title = {The dragonflies (Odonata) of Middle Asia. Part 2. (Anisoptera).},
volume = {7},
year = {2008}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Moscow},
author = {Skvortsov, V.E.},
publisher = {KMK Scientific Press Ltd (distributed out of Russia by Pensoft)},
title = {The Dragonflies of Eastern Europe and Caucasus: an illustrated guide},
year = {2010}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Chicoutimi},
author = {Pilon, J.-G. and Lagacé, D.},
publisher = {Entomofaune du Québec (EQ) Inc.},
title = {Les Odonates du Québec},
year = {1998}
}
,@book{59971,
author = {Esquivel, C.},
publisher = {INBio},
title = {Libélulas de Mesoamérica y el Caribe},
year = {2006}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Mèze},
author = {Meurgey, F. and Picard, L.},
publisher = {Biotope (collection Parthenope) & Muséum national d'histoire naturelle},
title = {Les Libellules des Antilles françaises},
year = {2011}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {Kosterin O.E.},
journal = {Odonatologica},
pages = {41--71},
title = {Odonata of the Daurskiy State Nature Reserve Area, Transbaikalia, Russia},
volume = {33},
year = {2004}
}
,@electronic{59971,
address = {http://www.odonatacentral.org/docs/NA_Odonata_Checklist_2012.pdf},
author = {Paulson, D.R. and Dunkle, S.W.},
title = {A checklist of North American Odonata including English name, etymology, type locality, and distribution. Originally published as Occasional Paper No. 56, Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound, June 1999; completely revised 2012},
year = {2009}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Princeton},
author = {Paulson, D.},
publisher = {Princeton University Press},
title = {Dragonflies and Damselflies of the East},
year = {2011}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Princeton},
author = {Abbott, J.C.},
publisher = {Princeton University Press},
title = {Dragonflies and Damselflies of Texas and the South-Central United States},
year = {2005}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Whitney, Ontario, Canada},
author = {Jones, C.D., A. Kingsley, P. Burke & M. Holder},
publisher = {The Friends of Algonquin Park},
title = {Field guide to the dragonflies and damselflies of Algonquin Provincial Park and the surrounding area},
year = {2008}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Corvallis},
author = {Kerst, C., & Gordon, S.},
publisher = {Oregon State University Press},
title = {Dragonflies and Damselflies of Oregon},
year = {2011}
}
,@article{59971,
author = {Alayo D., P.},
journal = {Torreia},
number = {Nueva Serie No. 2},
pages = {1--102},
title = {Las Libelulas de Cuba},
year = {1968}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Indianapolis},
author = {Curry, J.R.},
publisher = {Indiana Academy of Science},
title = {Dragonflies of Indiana},
year = {2001}
}
,@book{59971,
address = {Columbus},
author = {Glotzhober, R.C., & McShaffrey, D.},
publisher = {Ohio Biological Survey},
title = {The dragonflies and damselflies of Ohio},
year = {2002}
}
,]
