Red List of South African Species

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Least Concern (LC)
Assessors: Jean-Pierre Boudot Viola Clausnitzer B. Samraoui Frank Suhling K.-D. Dijkstra Wolfgang Schneider
Facilitators: Khaldoun Alomari
Reviewers: Jens Kipping Michael Samways

Rationale

Paragomphus genei is a widespread species with no known major threats and it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category. It is therefore assessed as Least Concern. However, some disjunct subpopulations in Europe and Arabia deserve conservation attention.

Distribution

Paragomphus genei is widespread in Africa (except in dense forests), the Levant, Arabia and southern Europe. It probably occurs in most of the Afrotropical countries, although records from many are still wanting. There are aggregates of localities in southern Europe in Iberia, Sardinia and Sicily, as well in the Maghreb, the Levant and southern Arabia, plus scattered records in time and space in Algeria, Morocco, Corsica and Chad (Testard 1975). No records are available from Libya but this species is likely to be present there. A single old record from Egypt probably refers to Paragomphus pumilio. Insular melanic subpopulations are known from the Comoros Archipelago (Levasseur 2007).

Population trend

Trend

In central, eastern and southern Africa, this species often has enormous larval populations of up to 100 individuals per square metre in perennial sections of ephemeral rivers. The same situation is known in Tunisia but the abundance of this species is generally much variable in northern Africa and southern Europe. The population size is unknown in the Arabian Peninsular.

Threats

There are no threats at the global scale, although local declines may occur due to habitat modification (dams, water extraction, agriculture) and water pollution. Climate change may be a threat in the future.

Uses and trade

This species is not utilised.

Conservation

This species is widespread with no threats at the global scale and therefore does not need any conservation actions. On a regional scale, protection of the habitat is needed, particularly in the Mediterranean basin. As this species is highly variable in terms of its colour pattern, from the quasi-absence of melanin to entirely black subpopulations, additional research in the field of genetic variability and taxonomy would be welcomed.

References 

[@article{59811,
 author = {Schneider W.},
 title = {Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Wahiba Sands and adjacent Areas, Eastern Oman},
 year = {1988}
}

,@article{59811,
 author = {Dumont, H.J. and Al-Safadi, M.M.},
 title = {Further additions to the Dragonfly Fauna of the Republic of Yemen (Odonata)},
 year = {1993}
}

,@article{59811,
 author = {Waterston, A.R.},
 journal = {Fauna of Saudi Arabia},
 pages = {451--472},
 title = {Insects of Southern Arabia. Odonata from the Yemens and Saudi Arabia},
 volume = {6},
 year = {1984}
}

,@article{59811,
 author = {Waterston, A.R.},
 title = {Insects of Saudi Arabia. Odonata},
 year = {1980}
}

,@article{59812,
 author = {Kimmins, D.E.},
 title = {The Odonata and Neuroptera of the Island of Socotra},
 year = {1961}
}

,@proceedings{59811,
 address = {Aden, 1996},
 editor = {Schneider, W. and Dumont, H.J.},
 series = {First International Scientific Symposium on Socotra Island: present and future},
 title = {Checklist of the Dragonflies and Damselflies of Soqotra Island (Insecta: Odonata)},
 year = {1998}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Ris, F.},
 journal = {Revue Suisse de Zoologie},
 pages = {97--112},
 title = {Odonata aus Süd-Angola},
 volume = {38},
 year = {1931}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Pinhey, E.},
 journal = {Smithersia},
 pages = {1–64},
 title = {A check-list of the Odonata of Zimbabwe and Zambia},
 volume = {3},
 year = {1984}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Pinhey, E.},
 journal = {Arnoldia},
 pages = {1--17},
 title = {Odonata of Ngamiland},
 volume = {15},
 year = {1967}
}

,@article{42845,
 author = {Pinhey, E.},
 journal = {Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa},
 pages = {1--48},
 title = {A survey of the dragonflies (Odonata) of South Africa. Part 2. Anisoptera},
 volume = {48},
 year = {1985}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Longfield, C.},
 journal = {Arquivos do Museu Bocage, Lisboa},
 pages = {1–31},
 title = {The Odonata of South Angola},
 volume = {16},
 year = {1947}
}

,@article{59828,
 author = {Pinhey, E.},
 journal = {Publiçaciones culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola Lisboa},
 pages = {97--129},
 title = {Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Angola-Congo borders of Rhodesia},
 volume = {63},
 year = {1964}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Longfield, C.},
 journal = {Publicações Culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola},
 pages = {13–42},
 title = {The Odonata of North Angola. Part II},
 volume = {45},
 year = {1959}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Pinhey, E.},
 journal = {Arnoldia},
 pages = {1--16},
 title = {A collection of Odonata from Angola},
 volume = {23},
 year = {1975}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Martens, A., Jödicke, R. and Suhling, F.},
 journal = {Cimbebasia},
 pages = {139–160},
 title = {Annotated checklist of the Odonata of Namibia},
 volume = {18},
 year = {2003}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Dijkstra, K.-D.B. and Clausnitzer, V.},
 title = {An annotated checklist of the dragonflies (Odonata) of eastern Africa, with critical lists for Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda, new records, taxonomic notes and descriptions of new species},
 volume = {in prep.},
 year = {2005}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Pinhey, E.},
 journal = {Occasional papers of the national Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia, Series B},
 pages = {524--601},
 title = {Dragonflies (Odonata) of Botswana, with ecological notes},
 volume = {5},
 year = {1976}
}

,@article{4730,
 author = {Samways, M.J.},
 journal = {Odonatologica},
 pages = {13--62},
 title = {Diversity and conservation status of South African dragonflies (Odonata)},
 volume = {28},
 year = {1999}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Suhling, F., Sahlén, G., Martens, A., Marais, E. and Schütte, C.},
 journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
 pages = {311--332},
 title = {Dragonfly assemblages in arid tropical environments: a case study from western Namibia},
 volume = {15},
 year = {2006}
}

,@book{59822,
 address = {Nylstroom},
 author = {Tarboton, W. and Tarboton, M.},
 publisher = {Tarboton and Tarboton},
 title = {A field guide to the dragonflies of South Africa},
 year = {2002}
}

,@book{4730,
 address = {Nylstroom},
 author = {Tarboton, W. and Tarboton, M.},
 publisher = {Privately published by the authors},
 title = {A fieldguide to the damselflies of South Africa},
 year = {2005}
}

,@article{4730,
 author = {Samways, M.J.},
 journal = {African Entomology},
 pages = {43--52},
 title = {A strategy for national red listing invertebrates based on experiences with Odonata in South Africa},
 volume = {10},
 year = {2002}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Kipping, J.},
 journal = {Cimbebasia Memoirs},
 pages = {In press},
 title = {The Odonata of Botswana - an annotated checklist},
 volume = {5},
 year = {2006}
}

,@electronic{59795,
 address = {www.iucnredlist.org},
 author = {IUCN},
 publisher = {IUCN - The World Conservation Union},
 title = {2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species},
 year = {2006}
}

,@article{59822,
 author = {Pinhey, E.},
 journal = {Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa},
 pages = {147--188},
 title = {A survey of the dragonflies (Odonata) of South Africa. Part 1},
 volume = {47},
 year = {1984}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Pinhey, E.},
 journal = {Occasional papers of the national Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia, Series B},
 pages = {557--631},
 title = {Checklist of the Odonata of Mozambique},
 volume = {6},
 year = {1981}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Longfield, C.},
 journal = {Publicações culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola},
 pages = {11--64},
 title = {The Odonata of North Angola. Part I},
 volume = {27},
 year = {1955}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Pinhey, E.},
 journal = {Publiçaciones culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola Lisboa},
 pages = {71--76},
 title = {A collection of Odonata from Dundo, Angola. With the descriptions of two new species of Gomphids},
 volume = {56},
 year = {1961}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Pinhey, E.},
 journal = {Publiçaciones culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola Lisboa},
 pages = {81--86},
 title = {Some dragonflies (Odonata) from Angola; and descriptions of three new species of the family Gomphidae},
 volume = {56},
 year = {1961}
}

,@article{59795,
 author = {Pinhey, E.},
 journal = {Revista de Biologia, Lisboa},
 pages = {159--164},
 title = {Odonata from Luanda and the Lucala River, Angola},
 volume = {5},
 year = {1965}
}

,@article{59811,
 author = {Waterston, A.R. and  Pittaway, A.R.},
 journal = {Journal of Oman Studies},
 pages = {131--168},
 title = {The Odonata or Dragonflies of Oman and neighbouring territories},
 volume = {10},
 year = {1991}
}

,@article{59812,
 author = {Schneider, W. and Dumont, H.J.},
 journal = {Fauna of Saudi Arabia},
 pages = {89--110},
 title = {The dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of Oman. An updated and annotated checklist},
 volume = {16},
 year = {1997}
}

,@article{59811,
 author = {Dumont, H.J. and Al-Safadi, M.M.},
 journal = {Notulae Odonatologicae},
 pages = {114--117},
 title = {Additions to the dragonfly fauna of Yemen},
 volume = {3},
 year = {1991}
}

,@article{59811,
 author = {Schneider, W. and Krupp, F.},
 journal = {Fauna of Saudi Arabia},
 pages = {63--78},
 title = {Dragonfly records from Saudi Arabia, with an annotated checklist of the species from the Arabian Peninsula (Insecta: Odonata)},
 volume = {13},
 year = {1993}
}

,@article{59811,
 author = {Riservato, E., Grieco, C., Pella, F., Sindaco, R., Pupin, F., Suleiman, A.S. and Fasola, M.},
 journal = {Zoology in the Middle East},
 pages = {101--106},
 title = {A contribution to the knowledge of the odonatofauna of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen)},
 volume = {50},
 year = {2010}
}

,@article{59793,
 author = {Dijkstra, K.-D.B. and Clausnitzer, V.},
 journal = {Studies in Afrotropical Zoology},
 pages = {1--264},
 title = {The Dragonflies and Damselflies of Eastern Africa: Handbook for all Odonata from Sudan to Zimbabwe.},
 volume = {298},
 year = {2014}
}

,@article{59812,
 author = {Al-Safadi, M.M.},
 journal = {Hydrobiologia},
 pages = {203--209},
 title = {A pilot study of lake Ma'rib, Yemen},
 volume = {315},
 year = {1995}
}

,@article{59976,
 author = {Testard, F.},
 journal = {Odonatologica},
 pages = {11--26},
 title = {Note sur l'émergence, le sexe-ratio et l'activité des adultes de <i>Mesogomphus genei</i> Selys, dans le sud de l'Espagne (Anisoptera: Gomphidae)},
 volume = {4},
 year = {1975}
}

,@article{59976,
 author = {Levasseur, M.},
 journal = {Martinia},
 pages = {115--126},
 title = {Odonates nouveaux pour l'Île d'Anjouan, description d'une nouvelle sous-espèce de <i>Paragomphus genei<i/> (Selys, 1841) (Archipel des Comores).},
 volume = {23},
 year = {2007}
}

,@electronic{63356,
 address = {www.iucnredlist.org},
 author = {IUCN},
 title = {The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-3},
 year = {2016}
}

,]
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