Globally this species is widespread with no major widespread threats identified. In South Africa this species has an area of occupancy of 140 km². It is known from at least 10 locations as defined by threats such as mining in the Olifants River System as well as north of Pretoria and pollution from major cities. These threats are causing continuous habitat degradation. The species is assessed as Vulnerable B2ab(iii), however because this is a regional assessment at the national level a regional adjustment is applied. Since this species global population is not threatened and there is immigration between the neighbouring populations, the species is thus down-listed and assessed as Near Threatened at the national level, however this species should be monitored for any further reductions within South Africa.
Distribution
In South Africa the species occurs in the Limpopo River System. It also occurs in Tanzania in the Upper Pangani drainage (Seegers et al. 2003). Lake Tanganyika and its affluent rivers, including Rusizi and Malagarasi drainage. It occurs in Lake Malawi, and in the upland rivers and streams of northern areas of Lake Malawi. In southern Africa, it occurs throughout the Zambezi System, and in the Cunene, Okavango and Limpopo rivers (Skelton 2001 ). In the upper Zambezi system, Tweddle et al. (2004) found it to be common in many northern tributaries but absent from the main river and floodplains, although there are old accurate records from Katombora rapids near Victoria Falls. Similarly, it does not occur in the Okavango Delta System (Tweddle et al. 2003) and is scarce in Caprivi (van der Waal 1976). Also recorded in the Buzi River, Mozambique (R. Bills, unpublished).
The species is generally common and widespread although patchily distributed. Species migratory movements are impacted by dam construction.
Threats
Habitat degradation caused by water turbidity due to erosion on watershed and agriculture extension. Further it is impacted by mining in the Olifants River System, Hazyview, White River and north of Pretoria as well a water pollution from major cities.
Conservation
No known protection dedicated to this species specifically.
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